Unlocking the Value of the Ageing Workforce

The global workforce is ageing rapidly, bringing both unprecedented challenges and opportunities for employers across all sectors. According to the World Health Organisation, by 2050, more than 2.1 billion people worldwide will be aged 60 or older—over double the number in 2020. The implications for organisations are significant: rising retirements, critical skills gaps, and a shift in how knowledge is retained, transferred, and applied.

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The ageing workforce in the UK

The increasing average age and proportion of older workers (typically classified as those over 50) in the workforce are driven by several factors, including longer life expectancies, lower birth rates, improved health in later years, a higher cost of living, and a later state pension age. 

In the UK, 70.9% of those aged between 50 and 64 were in work in 2024. A modest year-on-year increase, but notably down from the high of 72.5% in 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic. At age 65, the UK employment rate drops to 40.4%, and this drops further to 30.1% at age 66, in line with the UK state pension age of 66.

Of 50 to 64-year-olds classed as economically inactive, women (17.6%) were twice as likely as men (8.9%) to report ‘looking after home or family’ as the main reason for not looking for work. They are also more likely to work part-time than their male counterparts. 

Overall, men tend to work over a year longer than women, with the average exit from the labour market at 65.7 years for men and 64.5 years for women. 

In general terms, the average age of the British working population is rising. It is estimated that by 2050, it will have increased to 44, from its current level of 40. Whereas those aged under 45 will rise by 2.7 million, those over 45 will rise by nearly 8 million.

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Industry-specific challenges

While the challenges of an ageing workforce span all sectors, our research has found that utilities and manufacturing are likely to be significantly affected by these demographic changes. 

 

Utilities

The Energy Outlook Report cites the top challenges facing managers and leaders over the next five years as ‘increasing inflation’ (43%), ‘economic uncertainties’ (37%), and ‘ageing workforce and skills shortages’ (34% vs 31% in 2021). ​​Leaders also reported that 35% of open positions remain empty for over three months, contributing to stress on the existing workforce and hindering progress on critical projects. 

Meanwhile, in the water sector, statistics show that just 8% of all UK water workers are under 24, and more than a fifth are less than a decade away from retirement. 

Read more in our reports on the water industry and energy sector.

 

Manufacturing

A survey by Visual Components found that 34% of manufacturing businesses said hiring new talent was one of their biggest challenges. Businesses expected 25% of their workforce to leave in the next 5 years, with more than half unable to replace the lost knowledge when skilled professionals leave or retire. 

 

“In the last 12 to 18 months, we've seen the conversation really shift from having enough people with the right skills to just having enough people. We're seeing an increasing proportion of firms, about one in 10, take longer than 12 months to fill a vacancy. This is having a significant impact, not just on fulfilling their order books, but on future planning for growth and sustainability.”

Jamie Cater, Senior Policy Manager at Make UK 

Why the Ageing Workforce Matters

 

Business impact

Sizable segments of experienced employees are approaching retirement, creating potential talent cliffs in critical roles

Productivity potential

Mid-career and older workers can reverse productivity declines and strengthen financial and organisational resilience if engaged effectively.

Skill and knowledge preservation

The exit of older workers can lead to a significant loss of institutional know-how unless proactive strategies are adopted.

 

Key Challenges

 

Talent Shortages

Lower birth rates and longer lifespans mean fewer younger professionals entering the workforce while older cohorts stay longer.

Skill Gaps

Rapid technological change is accelerating the obsolescence of key skills, particularly in sectors like manufacturing, healthcare, and education.

Age Discrimination

A report from the Campaign for Ageing Better found that half of adults aged 50 and over in England have experienced age discrimination in the last year, with older candidates often overlooked even for roles where experience is critical.

Strategic Actions for Employers

 

Challenge bias & assumptions

It’s common to find bias against older workers, including assumptions around the use of technology, and levels of illness and absence. The data suggests that older workers are just as keen to learn, and that while overall absence due to illness is higher, it is primarily related to long-term conditions, while younger workers are more likely to report short-term illnesses.

Personalise your approach to retirement planning 

While the state pension age is a significant consideration, every employee's journey will be different. Employers should take care to engage employees in a collaborative approach, which avoids assumptions on when and how an employee retires. While many will look forward to their newfound freedom, others may wish to continue working well past the traditional retirement age. Many may find a transitional path into retirement more helpful than a cliff edge. 

Encourage Lifelong Learning & Development

Continuous investment in upskilling, reskilling, and knowledge-sharing programmes keeps older workers relevant—and boosts retention and innovation.  Regular check-ins with employees of all ages should include discussions around learning and development to ensure they are supported to progress and gain new skills.

Offer flexibility 

Offering employees flexibility can enable them to stay in the workforce longer. Employers can maximise this approach by providing a personalised approach to work-life balance that takes into account managing personal health issues and familial caring responsibilities. Offering phased retirements, reduced hours, and hybrid work helps retain expertise and eases transitions for both workers and the business.

Support healthy living

Health problems are the main reason why older workers leave the workforce prematurely. Nearly half a million people aged 50 to 65 with long-term health conditions would return to the workforce if the proper support were in place. This includes mental as well as physical health, support for chronic conditions and those going through the menopause. Flexibility, health insurance provision and approach to stress management and mental health can all be helpful here. 

Plan for Succession 

The cornerstone of business continuity in the face of demographic change is succession planning, particularly in critical roles. An effective process identifies and develops both internal and external talent pipelines, ensures knowledge transfer, and minimises business disruption.

"Succession planning plays a crucial role in ensuring business continuity... As experienced people approach retirement, businesses must ensure they have a clear roadmap to develop talent and transfer knowledge."

Read our in-depth Succession Planning Guide for practical steps and strategies.

Broaden your Talent Search

Research from Mercer, PwC, and the CIPD consistently highlights that organisations with robust age-inclusive recruitment outperform peers in adapting to skill shortages and market changes.

Leverage Talent Intelligence

Sophisticated talent intelligence can future-proof your workforce strategy:

  •   Competitor mapping: Understand how others are addressing demographic risk and age diversity. Track rival recruitment and retention successes.
  •   Location planning: Identify regions with favourable demographics or skills clusters to optimise hiring and workforce deployment.
  •   Total offer benchmarking: Ensure your reward and benefits packages are competitive across all age brackets to attract and retain critical talent.

Reliable data sources include Gartner, Harvard Business Review, Accenture, the National Office of Statistics, and more—enabling evidence-based decisions that minimise risk.

Facilitate knowledge transfer

Older workers, particularly those with long tenure, often have critical skills that are hard to replace. Identifying these skills and engaging those employees in becoming part of the knowledge transfer minimises risk and can help reduce the costs of replacing these skills in the organisation. 

Across the world, older workers make up a growing proportion of the workforce – across the G20, 1 in 3 workers is aged 50 and over, and this is set to increase to 4 in 10 by 2040

International Longevity Centre

Practical recommendations

  • Assess and forecast: Use demographic and attrition analytics to map and prioritise at-risk roles and knowledge domains.

  • Build cross-generational talent pools: Partner with experts in talent search, mapping, and pipelining to create robust succession and acquisition plans.

  • Promote inclusive culture: Address age bias in hiring and development, ensuring all employees have equal access to growth and flexibility.

  • Invest in talent intelligence: Regularly benchmark against sector and location trends for rewards, benefits, and working arrangements.

According to AARP International, 41% of the workers aged 45 or older who have not participated in any job training in the last five years want to do so. But this need is not being met; Mercer’s Global Talent Trends Study suggests that only 56% of people born between 1946 and 1964 trust their organisation to keep their skills up to date (versus 72% of those born between 1981 and 2012).

Mercer: Investing in age-inclusive workforces to navigate demographic shifts

Ready to futureproof your workforce?

Contact the team here at Talent Insight Group to discuss bespoke solutions in talent acquisition, intelligence, and strategic workforce planning.

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